Cut and Cover Tunneling

Apart from the defects and problem areas specific to individual construction projects, water – in a variety of guises – poses a general threat to the full and productive use of tunnel: rainwater, surface water, perched water and groundwater are all potential sources of damp and leakages within the structure. In addition to cracks and large-area moisture penetration, water infiltration is particularly common at construction and expansion joints. Leakages of this kind are typically encountered at ground slab/wall junctions.